Sunday, November 10, 2019

grammatical number - "40-50 years old" vs. "40-50 year olds" when referring to a group




In formal research, which is more correct, and why:




  • the group of 40-50 years old
    OR

  • the group of 40-50 year olds



In any case the phrase in bold is to be treated as a noun only, as in:





The middle group of executives, ie. 40-50 years old is well
balanced....




Without a range, the hyphenation rules I am used to would suggest "15-year olds" for instance. However "the 15-25-year olds ..." doesn't present well, does it?



There are related questions here, but none that seem to exactly address this topic. Eg.



Pluralization rule for "five-year-old children", "20 pound note", "10 mile run"




The main difference perhaps is that I need to use ranges, which already use a hyphen.


Answer



If you are using it as a compound adjective or noun, as in your example sentence, it should be "40-50-year-olds".



If you are using it as a separate qualifier, as in BillFranke's suggested alternate wording, than it would be "those 40-50 years old".



Confusing, perhaps, but the general rule is that when any sort of counted "thing" is used as an adjective, the object of the count is singular. "40-year-old man", "3-mile run", etc. Making it a range instead of a single number doesn't change that.



But when a number and an object of that number are used "on their own", i.e. not as a compound word, the normal rules of pluralization apply: "those 1 year old", "those 2 years old", etc.



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