word choice - What are the grammatical rules for use of "these", "those", and "them"?

I am unclear of the use of [these|those] objects. I am unsure when to use [these|those|them].

Please someone help me tell me which is correct in the previous sentences.

This is not a dupe of What's the difference between "these" and "those"?

Answer

These, those and them may all be used as objects of a sentence or a preposition.

Said when no books are present:

I lost my books. Did you see them?

Said while pointing toward a flock of geese:

I see some geese. Do you see those?

Said while holding a handful of diamonds.

I found some diamonds. Did you see these?

You can also use two of the three as modifiers for nouns:

Did you those geese?

Did you see these diamonds?

But it is ungrammatical to say

Did you see them books?